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It drives the circulation of the Earth’s atmosphere, and is also the primary energy source of the Earth. It ceaselessly supplies energy to the plants, providing food and oxygen for nurturing life on the Earth. Meanwhile, the Sun is also driving majority of space weather phenomena.\\n\\n## Structure\\n\\n![0306_sun](./static/0306_sun.png)\\n|||\\n| :------ | :------|\\n| Radius                        | ~ 696,000 km (about 109 times Earth’s radius)                |\\n| Distance from    the Earth | ~ 1.5×10^8^km                                             |\\n| Luminosity                | ~ 3.8 x 10^26^ Watts                              |\\n| Average Surface   Temperature | ~ 5,500 °C                                               |\\n| Mass                      | ~ 2 x 10^30^ kg (about 300,000 times Earth’s mass)         |\\n| Chemical Composition      | Hydrogen(~71%), Helium(~27%), Heavy elements(~2%) (by mass) |\\n| Age                       | ~ 4.5 - 4.6 billion years                                |\\n\\n![0306_sun](./static/h-alpha-image.jpg)\\n*Solar Hα image (Credit : National Satellite Meteorological Center)*\\n\\n## Corona\\n\\nOur Sun is surrounded by an ‘atmosphere’. The corona is the outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere. The corona is usually hidden by the bright light of the Sun's surface.  So it is difficult to view without using special instruments. However, the corona can be seen during a total solar eclipse.\\n\\n![corona-eclipse](./static/corona-eclipse.jpg)\\n*The Sun's corona became visible during the total solar eclipse on August 21, 2017. (Credit: NASA/Carla Thomas)*\\n\\nAlthough the corona is far from the Sun’s surface, it has extremely high temperatures and is hundreds of times hotter than the Sun’s surface. However, the corona looks very dim. It is because the corona is about 10 million times less dense than the Sun’s surface. \\n\\nThe corona extends far out into space. It produces the solar wind that travels through our solar system. The corona's high temperature causes its particles to move at very high speeds, which allow them to escape from the Sun's gravity.  \\n\\n## Coronal Holes\\n\\n![coronal hole](./static/0314_hole.jpg)\\n*(Source/Credits: NASA)*\\n\\nCoronal holes are areas in the Sun's **corona** which are **colder** and have **lower density**. It is common to see coronal holes during years of **solar minimum**. We can find them in X-ray images of the Sun.\\n\\n## What is space weather?\\n\\nSpace weather originates from the Sun. It generally refers to all solar activities such as sunspots, solar flares, solar wind, etc., and the effects they may have on Earth.\\n\\n## How do the Sun produce space weather?\\n\\nTo understand space weather, we first have to know what is happening in the Sun.  There are various phenomena in the Sun which are closely related to space weather.  <a href=\\\"#/en/phenomena/\\\">Let us first find out what phenomena does our Sun bring - Phenomena</a>.\\n\\n---\\n\\nSource :\\n- [NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)\\n- [NOAA - Space Weather Prediction Center](https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/)\\n\",\n    html: \"<h1>The Sun</h1>\\n<p>The Sun is a star at the centre of the Solar System. It drives the circulation of the Earth’s atmosphere, and is also the primary energy source of the Earth. It ceaselessly supplies energy to the plants, providing food and oxygen for nurturing life on the Earth. Meanwhile, the Sun is also driving majority of space weather phenomena.</p>\\n<h2>Structure</h2>\\n<p><img src=\\\"./static/0306_sun.png\\\" alt=\\\"0306_sun\\\"></p>\\n<table>\\n<thead>\\n<tr>\\n<th style=\\\"text-align:left\\\"></th>\\n<th style=\\\"text-align:left\\\"></th>\\n</tr>\\n</thead>\\n<tbody>\\n<tr>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">Radius</td>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">~ 696,000 km (about 109 times Earth’s radius)</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">Distance from    the Earth</td>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">~ 1.5×10<sup>8</sup>km</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">Luminosity</td>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">~ 3.8 x 10<sup>26</sup> Watts</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">Average Surface   Temperature</td>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">~ 5,500 °C</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">Mass</td>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">~ 2 x 10<sup>30</sup> kg (about 300,000 times Earth’s mass)</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">Chemical Composition</td>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">Hydrogen(~71%), Helium(~27%), Heavy elements(~2%) (by mass)</td>\\n</tr>\\n<tr>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">Age</td>\\n<td style=\\\"text-align:left\\\">~ 4.5 - 4.6 billion years</td>\\n</tr>\\n</tbody>\\n</table>\\n<p><img src=\\\"./static/h-alpha-image.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"0306_sun\\\">\\n<em>Solar Hα image (Credit : National Satellite Meteorological Center)</em></p>\\n<h2>Corona</h2>\\n<p>Our Sun is surrounded by an ‘atmosphere’. The corona is the outermost part of the Sun’s atmosphere. The corona is usually hidden by the bright light of the Sun’s surface.  So it is difficult to view without using special instruments. However, the corona can be seen during a total solar eclipse.</p>\\n<p><img src=\\\"./static/corona-eclipse.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"corona-eclipse\\\">\\n<em>The Sun’s corona became visible during the total solar eclipse on August 21, 2017. (Credit: NASA/Carla Thomas)</em></p>\\n<p>Although the corona is far from the Sun’s surface, it has extremely high temperatures and is hundreds of times hotter than the Sun’s surface. However, the corona looks very dim. It is because the corona is about 10 million times less dense than the Sun’s surface.</p>\\n<p>The corona extends far out into space. It produces the solar wind that travels through our solar system. The corona’s high temperature causes its particles to move at very high speeds, which allow them to escape from the Sun’s gravity.</p>\\n<h2>Coronal Holes</h2>\\n<p><img src=\\\"./static/0314_hole.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"coronal hole\\\">\\n<em>(Source/Credits: NASA)</em></p>\\n<p>Coronal holes are areas in the Sun’s <strong>corona</strong> which are <strong>colder</strong> and have <strong>lower density</strong>. It is common to see coronal holes during years of <strong>solar minimum</strong>. We can find them in X-ray images of the Sun.</p>\\n<h2>What is space weather?</h2>\\n<p>Space weather originates from the Sun. It generally refers to all solar activities such as sunspots, solar flares, solar wind, etc., and the effects they may have on Earth.</p>\\n<h2>How do the Sun produce space weather?</h2>\\n<p>To understand space weather, we first have to know what is happening in the Sun.  There are various phenomena in the Sun which are closely related to space weather.  <a href=\\\"#/en/phenomena/\\\">Let us first find out what phenomena does our Sun bring - Phenomena</a>.</p>\\n<hr>\\n<p>Source :</p>\\n<ul>\\n<li><a href=\\\"https://www.nasa.gov/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\\\">NASA</a></li>\\n<li><a href=\\\"https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\\\">NOAA - Space Weather Prediction Center</a></li>\\n</ul>\\n\",\n    attributes: {},\n      vue: {\n        render: \"return function render() { var _vm=this;var _h=_vm.$createElement;var _c=_vm._self._c||_h;return _vm._m(0) }\",\n        staticRenderFns: \"return [function () { var _vm=this;var _h=_vm.$createElement;var _c=_vm._self._c||_h;return _c('div',{staticClass:\\\"markdown-body\\\"},[_c('h1',[_vm._v(\\\"The Sun\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\\\"The Sun is a star at the centre of the Solar System. 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The corona’s high temperature causes its particles to move at very high speeds, which allow them to escape from the Sun’s gravity.\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('h2',[_vm._v(\\\"Coronal Holes\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('p',[_c('img',{attrs:{\\\"src\\\":\\\"./static/0314_hole.jpg\\\",\\\"alt\\\":\\\"coronal hole\\\"}}),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('em',[_vm._v(\\\"(Source/Credits: NASA)\\\")])]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\\\"Coronal holes are areas in the Sun’s \\\"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\\\"corona\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" which are \\\"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\\\"colder\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" and have \\\"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\\\"lower density\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\". It is common to see coronal holes during years of \\\"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\\\"solar minimum\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\". We can find them in X-ray images of the Sun.\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('h2',[_vm._v(\\\"What is space weather?\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\\\"Space weather originates from the Sun. 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There are various phenomena in the Sun which are closely related to space weather.  \\\"),_c('a',{attrs:{\\\"href\\\":\\\"#/en/phenomena/\\\"}},[_vm._v(\\\"Let us first find out what phenomena does our Sun bring - Phenomena\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\".\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('hr'),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\\\"Source :\\\")]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('a',{attrs:{\\\"href\\\":\\\"https://www.nasa.gov/\\\",\\\"target\\\":\\\"_blank\\\",\\\"rel\\\":\\\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\\\"}},[_vm._v(\\\"NASA\\\")])]),_vm._v(\\\" \\\"),_c('li',[_c('a',{attrs:{\\\"href\\\":\\\"https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/\\\",\\\"target\\\":\\\"_blank\\\",\\\"rel\\\":\\\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\\\"}},[_vm._v(\\\"NOAA - Space Weather Prediction Center\\\")])])])]) }]\",\n        component: {\n          data: function () {\n            return {\n              templateRender: null\n            }\n          },\n          render: function (createElement) {\n            return this.templateRender ? this.templateRender() : createElement(\"div\", \"Rendering\");\n          },\n          created: function () {\n            this.templateRender = function render() { var _vm=this;var _h=_vm.$createElement;var _c=_vm._self._c||_h;return _vm._m(0) };\n            this.$options.staticRenderFns = [function () { var _vm=this;var _h=_vm.$createElement;var _c=_vm._self._c||_h;return _c('div',{staticClass:\"markdown-body\"},[_c('h1',[_vm._v(\"The Sun\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"The Sun is a star at the centre of the Solar System. It drives the circulation of the Earth’s atmosphere, and is also the primary energy source of the Earth. It ceaselessly supplies energy to the plants, providing food and oxygen for nurturing life on the Earth. Meanwhile, the Sun is also driving majority of space weather phenomena.\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('h2',[_vm._v(\"Structure\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_c('img',{attrs:{\"src\":\"./static/0306_sun.png\",\"alt\":\"0306_sun\"}})]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('table',[_c('thead',[_c('tr',[_c('th',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}}),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('th',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}})])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('tbody',[_c('tr',[_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"Radius\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"~ 696,000 km (about 109 times Earth’s radius)\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('tr',[_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"Distance from    the Earth\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"~ 1.5×10\"),_c('sup',[_vm._v(\"8\")]),_vm._v(\"km\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('tr',[_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"Luminosity\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"~ 3.8 x 10\"),_c('sup',[_vm._v(\"26\")]),_vm._v(\" Watts\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('tr',[_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"Average Surface   Temperature\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"~ 5,500 °C\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('tr',[_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"Mass\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"~ 2 x 10\"),_c('sup',[_vm._v(\"30\")]),_vm._v(\" kg (about 300,000 times Earth’s mass)\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('tr',[_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"Chemical Composition\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"Hydrogen(~71%), Helium(~27%), Heavy elements(~2%) (by mass)\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('tr',[_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"Age\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('td',{staticStyle:{\"text-align\":\"left\"}},[_vm._v(\"~ 4.5 - 4.6 billion years\")])])])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_c('img',{attrs:{\"src\":\"./static/h-alpha-image.jpg\",\"alt\":\"0306_sun\"}}),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('em',[_vm._v(\"Solar Hα image (Credit : National Satellite Meteorological Center)\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('h2',[_vm._v(\"Corona\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Our Sun is surrounded by an ‘atmosphere’. The corona is the outermost part of the Sun’s atmosphere. The corona is usually hidden by the bright light of the Sun’s surface.  So it is difficult to view without using special instruments. However, the corona can be seen during a total solar eclipse.\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_c('img',{attrs:{\"src\":\"./static/corona-eclipse.jpg\",\"alt\":\"corona-eclipse\"}}),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('em',[_vm._v(\"The Sun’s corona became visible during the total solar eclipse on August 21, 2017. (Credit: NASA/Carla Thomas)\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Although the corona is far from the Sun’s surface, it has extremely high temperatures and is hundreds of times hotter than the Sun’s surface. However, the corona looks very dim. It is because the corona is about 10 million times less dense than the Sun’s surface.\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"The corona extends far out into space. It produces the solar wind that travels through our solar system. The corona’s high temperature causes its particles to move at very high speeds, which allow them to escape from the Sun’s gravity.\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('h2',[_vm._v(\"Coronal Holes\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_c('img',{attrs:{\"src\":\"./static/0314_hole.jpg\",\"alt\":\"coronal hole\"}}),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('em',[_vm._v(\"(Source/Credits: NASA)\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Coronal holes are areas in the Sun’s \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"corona\")]),_vm._v(\" which are \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"colder\")]),_vm._v(\" and have \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"lower density\")]),_vm._v(\". It is common to see coronal holes during years of \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"solar minimum\")]),_vm._v(\". We can find them in X-ray images of the Sun.\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('h2',[_vm._v(\"What is space weather?\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Space weather originates from the Sun. It generally refers to all solar activities such as sunspots, solar flares, solar wind, etc., and the effects they may have on Earth.\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('h2',[_vm._v(\"How do the Sun produce space weather?\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"To understand space weather, we first have to know what is happening in the Sun.  There are various phenomena in the Sun which are closely related to space weather.  \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#/en/phenomena/\"}},[_vm._v(\"Let us first find out what phenomena does our Sun bring - Phenomena\")]),_vm._v(\".\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('hr'),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Source :\")]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"https://www.nasa.gov/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"}},[_vm._v(\"NASA\")])]),_vm._v(\" \"),_c('li',[_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"rel\":\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"}},[_vm._v(\"NOAA - Space Weather Prediction Center\")])])])]) }];\n          }\n        }\n      }\n     }"],"sourceRoot":""}